The Arabian Nights' Entertainments: Selections: Analysis of Major Characters

Author: Unknown

First published: Alf layla wa-layla, fifteenth century (English translation, 1706–1708)

Genre: Short fiction

Locale: India, China, Persia, and Arabia

Plot: Folklore

Time: The legendary past

Shahriar, Emperor of Persia and India. Convinced of the unfaithfulness of all women, he vows to marry a new woman every day and have her executed the next morning.

Scheherazade, his wise and beautiful bride. On the night of their wedding, she begins to tell him a tale that so fascinates him that he stays her execution for a day so that he can learn the end of the story. The stories are continued for a thousand and one nights. Then, convinced of her worthiness, he bids her live and makes her his consort. The following are characters in some of her stories:

The King of the Black Isles, who nearly kills the lover of his unfaithful queen. She gets revenge by turning her husband's lower half into marble and his town and all its people into a lake of fish. A neighboring sultan kills the lover and deceives the queen into undoing all her enchantments; then she too is killed.

Sindbad the Sailor, who, in the course of his voyages, visits an island that is really the back of a sea monster; a valley of diamonds; an island inhabited by cannibal dwarfs and black one-eyed giants; and an underground river.

The Caliph Harun-al-Rashid of Baghdad, Sindbad's ruler.

Houssain, Ali, and Ahmed, sons of the Sultan of India. They compete for the hand of their father's ward; after an archery contest, Ali is proclaimed the winner, though Ahmed's arrow has gone so far that no one can find it.

Periebanou, a fairy living in a mountain, at whose door Ahmed finds his arrow. He marries her and with her help performs unreasonable tasks for his father, who has been persuaded by courtiers to be suspicious of his son, now secretive about his life and apparently rich and powerful. The sultan is killed by Periebanou's annoyed brother, and Ahmed succeeds him as sultan.

Princess Nouronnihar, the ward of the sultan. She is sought in marriage by the brothers. Ali wins her.

Ali Baba, a Persian woodcutter who happens upon a thieves' cave filled with riches.

Cassim, his greedy brother, who forgets the password, “Open Sesame,” and so cannot get out of the cave. The thieves kill him.

Morgiana, Ali Baba's beautiful slave. She discovers that the thieves are hiding in oil jars brought by their disguised captain to Ali Baba's house. Morgiana kills the robbers, is rewarded with her freedom, and becomes Ali Baba's son's wife.

Aladdin, a young vagabond in China who gets possession of a magic lamp and, through the power of its genie, gains incredible wealth and wins the sultan's daughter as his wife.