Flavian Amphitheater
The Flavian Amphitheater, commonly known as the Colosseum, is a monumental structure in Rome that symbolizes ancient Roman architecture and cultural practices. Commissioned in 72 CE by Emperor Vespasian and completed in 96 CE under Emperor Domitian, the amphitheater was named after the Flavian Dynasty. It measures approximately 206 by 171 yards and could hold around fifty thousand spectators, primarily for gladiatorial contests and other public spectacles. The amphitheater's design features an arena floor that could be flooded for naval battles, as well as a complex of corridors and holding cells for gladiators and animals. Architecturally, it boasts four levels adorned with the three classical orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The structure has endured damage from natural disasters, including earthquakes and lightning strikes, yet remains a testament to Roman engineering. The last recorded gladiatorial games took place in 404 CE, marking the end of this once-thriving aspect of Roman entertainment. The name "Colosseum" is derived from a colossal statue of Emperor Nero that once stood nearby, linking the amphitheater to the broader historical narrative of ancient Rome.
On this Page
Flavian Amphitheater
Related civilization: Imperial Rome.
Also known as: Colosseum.
Date: constructed c. 72-96 c.e.
Locale: Rome
Flavian Amphitheater
This 206-by-171-yard (188-by-156-meter) elliptical structure, built from poured concrete, Travertine marble, and iron, was named for the three members of the Flavian Dynasty: Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian. The icon of ancient Roman architecture was commissioned in 72 c.e., dedicated in 80 c.e., and completed in 96 c.e. It seated approximately fifty thousand people and was the site of frequent gladiator competitions. It has been damaged by frequent earthquakes and lightning strikes. The name “Colosseum” is derived from a colossal statue of Nero that formerly stood on the location. The last gladiatorial contests were held in 404 c.e.
The 94-by-59-yard (86-by-54-meter) arena floor, below which was a complex system of corridors, gladiator and animal cells, and a medical facility, could be filled with water, and, until 248 c.e., was the site of numerous naval contests. Superimposed on its four levels are the three Greek orders (Doric, Ionic and Corinthian). The upper attic pilasters feature composite Corinthian capitals with alternating windows. Twenty rows of seats, in two main sections, radiate outward, and barrel arches form level seating areas and crowd exits. Valeria focused light, through an oculus, onto the arena floor, while keeping the sun, wind, and elements off of the crowd.
Bibliography
Luciani, Roberto. The Colosseum. Novara, Italy: Instituto Geografico De Agostini, 1990.
Nardo, Don. The Roman Colosseum. San Diego: Lucent Books, 1998.