Canonchet
Canonchet was the sachem of the Narragansett tribe during a tumultuous period in the late 17th century, particularly during King Philip's War. Initially, he allied with British settlers, signing a treaty in July 1675 that required him to fight against tribes considered enemies by the colonists. However, Canonchet's commitment to sheltering Wampanoag women and children led him to break this agreement, which resulted in a violent retaliatory attack by the British against his people later that year, causing significant casualties among the Narragansett. In March 1676, Canonchet displayed military leadership by ambushing British troops, showcasing his role as a resistance leader. His eventual capture by Captain George Denison in April 1676 came as he was attempting to replenish food supplies for his people. Facing execution, Canonchet reportedly expressed his resolve by accepting his fate rather than compromising his integrity. His execution marked a significant turning point, contributing to the decline of the Narragansett tribe, which had been one of the strongest nations in New England. This historical narrative reflects the broader context of conflict and cultural upheaval experienced by Indigenous peoples during colonial expansion.
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Canonchet
- Born: c. 1630
- Birthplace: Place unknown
- Died: April 1, 1676
- Place of death: Stonington, Connecticut
Tribal affiliation: Narragansett
Significance: Canonchet is best known for his interactions with the British colonists during King Philip’s War
Initially the settlers convinced Canonchet, sachem of the Narragansett, to remain loyal to the British cause. He signed a treaty in July, 1675, promising to turn over to the British their enemies and agreeing to fight against those Indians the colonists deemed enemies. Canonchet evidently agreed, however, to shelter women and children of the Wampanoag tribe, thereby breaking the agreement. The following December (1675), in retaliation, the British attacked and killed about one thousand Narragansett. Canonchet survived and, in March, 1676, led an ambush of about forty of Captain Michael Pierce’s troops.
While organizing an effort to replace the corn the British had destroyed, Canonchet was spotted in April by Captain George Denison, who chased and captured him. Upon learning that he was to be executed, Canonchet is reputed to have replied that he “liked it well, that he should die before his heart was soft, or had spoken anything unworthy of himself.” The sachem was turned over to the Pequots and Mohegans, who shot and beheaded him. Canonchet’s execution in 1676 coincides with the dispersal of the Narragansett and essentially signals the end of what was formerly the strongest tribe in New England.
Bibliography
Drake, Samuel G. The Book of the Indians. 1832. Reprint. New York: AMS, 1976.
Hubbard, William. The History of the Indian Wars in New England. Roxbury, 1865. Reprint. New York: Kraus, 1969.