Nancy Ward

  • Born: c. 1738
  • Birthplace: Chota (now in Tennessee)
  • Died: c. 1824
  • Place of death: Polk County, Tennessee

Tribal affiliation: Cherokee

Significance: Ward was a chief of the Cherokee Nation and a staunch advocate of peace between Indians and European settlers

Nancy Ward was born in the capital of the Cherokee Nation to an important Cherokee family. Nancy and her husband, King Fisher, fought against the Creeks in 1755 in the Taliwa battle. King Fisher was mortally wounded, and legend has it that Nancy fought so valiantly the Cherokee declared her “Most Honored Woman”—a powerful distinction. Shortly after being widowed, Nancy married Bryant Ward, an English trader who had come to Chota. Nancy Ward is described as a strikingly beautiful woman with rose-colored skin. Because of this attribute, she was given the nickname “Wild Rose.” She had two children by each of her husbands.

In 1775, the Cherokee met with English agents at Sycamore Shoals in what is now eastern Tennessee. The issues were whether more land should be sold to the English and what role the Cherokee should play in the English-American conflict. There was disagreement among the Cherokee chiefs as to which side to favor, but they needed weapons and selling land to the English seemed to be the only way to obtain what they needed. Nancy Ward’s voice was one of peace—in opposition to her cousin, Dragging Canoe, who desired weapons to drive the settlers east across the Appalachian Mountains. In 1776, it was decided to wage war against the white people. Nancy Ward prepared the ceremonial “black drink” that was purported to give the warriors success. She then informed the white settlers of the impending attack by releasing three white traders the Cherokees had held captive. Raids were carried out against settlements on the Holston River, and because of Nancy Ward, many lives were saved on both sides.

Nancy Ward was vocal in the 1781 peace talks between the Cherokee and white settlers at Long Island (near the present city of Kingsport, Tennessee). Though the consequences of the talks were short-lived, Nancy continued to speak for peace until her dying day. In her later years she moved to the Ocoee River area to be near her family. There she became a successful innkeeper. Nancy Ward died in 1822 and is buried near Benton, Tennessee.