Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that can be transmitted from person to person, distinguishing them from conditions arising from genetic or environmental factors. The study of infectious diseases encompasses a wide range of topics, reflecting their complex interactions with various aspects of human health and society. Research in this field addresses critical areas, including the impact of infectious diseases on specific populations, such as children and pregnant women, and the various environmental and animal vectors involved in their transmission, like bats, mosquitoes, and rodents.

There is also a focus on emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, which pose significant public health challenges, especially in developing countries. Additionally, the psychological and social effects of infectious diseases are increasingly recognized, highlighting the importance of holistic approaches to health. Strategies for prevention and treatment, such as vaccination, alternative therapies, and home remedies, are vital components in managing these diseases. Overall, infectious disease research offers valuable insights into improving health outcomes and informs public health policies and practices aimed at reducing the spread and impact of these illnesses.