Chinese trade with the United States.China–United States trade relations

China–United States trade relations represent the economic interactions between two of the world's largest economies, deeply rooted in historical exchanges dating back to the late 18th century. Initially sparked by American desires for Chinese tea and ginseng, trade evolved through a series of agreements that often favored American interests, especially following China's vulnerability after the Opium Wars. The relationship has undergone significant transformations, particularly after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, which led to a cessation of trade until diplomatic ties were restored in the 1970s.

The late 20th century saw a boom in trade, particularly after China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, leading to substantial economic growth for both nations. However, the relationship has been complicated by issues such as trade deficits, intellectual property concerns, and currency manipulation. The trade war initiated in 2018 by the United States, under President Trump, marked a new phase of tension, characterized by reciprocal tariffs. Despite these challenges, the two nations remain each other's largest trading partners. As of 2020, trade between them amounted to over $560 billion, with a significant trade deficit favoring China. Understanding this complex relationship is crucial for grasping the dynamics of global trade and economics in the 21st century.