Boris Godunov: Analysis of Setting
"Boris Godunov" is a play by Alexander Pushkin that explores the complex socio-political landscape of Russia during the reign of Boris Godunov, the historical czar. The setting primarily revolves around Moscow, which serves as the capital during the time of the play and is depicted as a vibrant yet tumultuous hub of power. Central to this depiction is the Kremlin, an iconic fortress that symbolizes the authority of Godunov's rule. The Kremlin's historical significance is highlighted despite the architectural changes it has undergone since the late 16th century, making it challenging to visualize the palace as it was during Godunov's reign.
Red Square, located in front of the Kremlin, plays a crucial role as a gathering place for key interactions between political leaders and the general populace, reflecting the dynamic relationship between authority and the common people. Additionally, the play references Kraków, connecting to the broader European context and the political rivalries of the time, particularly through the character of the False Dmitri, a pretender to the throne. Pushkin's minimalist stage directions require a deep understanding of Russian history, inviting audiences to engage with the cultural and historical nuances of the setting. This multifaceted backdrop provides valuable insights into the complexities of power and identity in early modern Russia.
Boris Godunov: Analysis of Setting
First published: 1831 (English translation, 1918)
First produced: 1870
Type of work: Drama
Type of plot: Historical
Time of work: 1598-1605
Asterisk denotes entries on real places.
Places Discussed
*Moscow
*Moscow. Russia’s capital city in the period during which this play is set. Pushkin wrote the play during the period when he was exiled from the royal court at St. Petersburg, which Czar Peter the Great had made Russia’s capital in 1712. (In 1918 the Bolsheviks would return the government to Moscow.)
*Kremlin
*Kremlin. Enclosed fortress at the heart of Moscow and the seat of the historical czar Boris Godunov’s government. The word kremlin is an anglicization of Russian’s kreml’ for “fortress.” Many old Russian cities were centered upon similar fortresses, but the Kremlin of Moscow became the seat of the Russian government. Because of great architectural changes in the Kremlin since 1598, it is almost impossible to correlate the palace of Godunov’s time with any modern Kremlin palace. Pushkin’s minimalist stage directions depend upon the director’s and players’ familiarity with Russian history to recreate the scene on stage.
*Red Square
*Red Square. Open area in front of the Kremlin. In Russian, the same word means both “red” and “beautiful”; what was originally understood as the “beautiful square” acquired its modern name. In Pushkin’s play, the square is the site of several key interactions among the leaders and the common people.
*Kraków
*Kraków. Polish city that is the location of the house of Wisniowiecki, supporter of the False Dmitri, pretender to the Russian throne.
Bibliography
Bayley, John. Pushkin: A Comparative Commentary. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1971. One of the best English-language studies of Pushkin. A long chapter on drama treats Boris Godunov in relation to Shakespeare, the German poet Friedrich Schiller, and others.
Briggs, A. D. P. Alexander Pushkin. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1983. In the chapter on drama, Briggs argues that Pushkin’s success as a dramatist was limited, but that his plays are more interesting than is sometimes allowed. Discusses such aspects of Boris Godunov as the work’s historical background, Shakespearean influence, structure, characters, language, and poetry.
Magarshack, David. Pushkin. New York: Grove Press, 1969. This biography of Pushkin places Boris Godunov in the context of the poet’s life and literary career. A good starting place for the general reader.
Sandler, Stephanie. Distant Pleasures: Alexander Pushkin and the Writing of Exile. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1989. Scholarly and subtle, this book is better suited to the serious student of Pushkin than to the general reader. Boris Godunov is discussed at considerable length.
Vickery, Walter N. Alexander Pushkin Revisited. Rev. ed. New York: Twayne, 1992. A brief but clear account of the historical circumstances leading to Boris Godunov’s rule is useful to those not familiar with the background for Pushkin’s play. Many of the established topics in the study of Boris Godunov are included.