Big Ben's First Chimes

Big Ben's First Chimes

The famous bell known as Big Ben, housed in the clock tower of part of the massive New Palace of Westminster where the British parliament meets, first rang on May 31, 1859. The clock tower itself is called St. Stephen's Tower or the Great Clocktower of the Palace of Westminster; strictly speaking, only the bell itself is Big Ben. However, the bell has become so famous that the entire structure— tower, clock, and bell—is often thought of as Big Ben.

Big Ben was built as part of the massive New Palace of Westminster construction project in the middle of the 19th century. Its most impressive aspect is the large clock at the top, with dials facing in all four directions. Named for Sir Benjamin Hall, the commissioner of works under Queen Victoria, it was designed by Edmund Beckett Denison and built by the queen's clockmaker, Frederick Dent. The hour hand of the clock is 9 feet long, while the minute hand is 14 feet. A special counterweight system utilizing old pennies enables the clock to keep almost perfect time. The bell, weighing nearly 14 tons, was cast at the Whitechapel Foundry on April 10, 1858, and was so massive that it took 16 horses to pull it to the palace.

The ringing of Big Ben to signal the turn of the hour has been a regular feature of metropolitan London since the first chimes rang out in May 1859, although a crack did keep the bell silent for three years until it was repaired in 1862. Since then, it has tolled the time for one of the most reliable clocks in the world. Not even bombardment of the Palace of Westminster during World War II stopped it, although heavy snow, cold, birds, and a commonplace breakdown in machinery have disrupted its accurate time-keeping four different times over the years. The BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) has maintained a microphone in the turret in order to broadcast Big Ben's chimes since December 31, 1923.