Chinese Knotting

Chinese knotting is an ancient form of knotting that is intertwined with religious and social rituals. Today, Chinese knotting is practiced by people around the world for enjoyment and relaxation.

Ornamental knotting began in ancient China. Archaeologists have uncovered evidence of knot-tying as early as the Warring States Period (481–221 BCE), but tools and written references indicate that the practice was largely developed during the Tang Dynasty (618–907).

Chinese knots were originally used in the fabrication of clothing and accessories. Decorative designs were later adopted as part of religious rituals. In addition, knots were sometimes used to symbolize important events, with small knots used for minor milestones and large knots for occasions of major significance.

During the Song Dynasty (960–1279), specific types of knotting became associated with a certain message, and knot work was given as gifts for important events. Some knotting types are still used to represent "luck," "happiness," or "wealth." Knots of this kind are hung in the home or during holidays and rituals as a blessing for those in attendance.

In China, the knot generally symbolizes union and togetherness, and various types of knots are associated with relationships, love, and family unity. Knots are sometimes given as gifts between lovers, and are popular gifts for weddings.

Before the Qing Dynasty (1368–1911), knotting was generally considered a form of folk or "village" art. During the early Qing, knotting became popular with people of all social levels, and was even used in official decorations for the imperial family. Growing interest in the art form produced many new and elaborate patterns, including most of the techniques used by modern practitioners.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, interest in Chinese knotting waned, and the art became extremely rare in China. The only practitioners remaining were located in villages in mainland China and Taiwan.

In the 1960s, Lydia Chen (Chen Hsia-Sheng) of the Palace Museum in Taiwan began to conduct research on the history and techniques of knotting, and sought out the remaining masters in mainland China. Chen's 1971 book, Chinese Knotting, caused a revitalization of the art and is now the primary resource for those wishing to learn traditional techniques. Chen is still considered the foremost authority on the history and development of knotting techniques.

Chinese knotting became popular in Taiwan during the early 1980s, and decorative knots were common items in gift markets. Interest in the art of knotting soon spread to Europe and the United States.

Today, decorative knotting is practiced throughout the world. Knots are used to make decorations, clothing, and ornaments sold in gift stores and by Chinese merchants. Modern practitioners have learned to combine traditional Chinese techniques with modern jewelry-making techniques to produce intricate artistic creations.

Techniques

There are between fifteen and twenty-four basic knotting techniques common to most Chinese knots. The beginner should master the techniques involved in each type of basic knot, and then practice combinations and advanced methods.

The most basic knot types are:

• Alternating
• Button
• Cloverleaf
• Cross
• Double coin
• Double connection
• Flat
• Good luck
• Longevity
• Pan-chang
• Petal
• Prosperity
• Ru-yi
• Snake

Some practitioners combine traditional Chinese techniques with knotting from other traditions, such as Celtic or English knotting. By combining techniques from different traditions, artists and hobbyists are able to create unique designs. Some knotting artisans experiment with innovative techniques such as beading, cloth-dying and weaving.

Trends

In recent years, Chinese clothing has experienced a resurgence of popularity in the fashion world, particularly in France and Western Europe. The use of traditional Chinese knots in clothing manufacturing has prompted the invention of computer programs that plan and study knot design. These programs are being used to manufacture elaborate knots on a large scale.

Chinese knots are also used in Asian-themed home decoration. Some decorators use knots when applying the principles of feng shui to interior design. Chinese knots have also become popular as ornaments for automobiles, usually hung from the rearview mirror.

Chinese Knotting for Fun vs. Profit

Many Asian boutiques sell knotted ornaments; for the most part, these samples are mass-produced. Some stores carry handmade knotting, which is usually produced by hobbyists.

The amateur looking to become a professional knotting artist should consider selling his or her artwork to novelty stores or online. An accomplished hobbyist might also consider teaching classes at a local arts institution or Chinese cultural association.

For the hobbyist, knotted art can be given as gifts or used in the home for decoration.

Learning More

Books

Budworth, Geoffrey. The Complete Book of Decorative Knots. The Lyon's Press, 1998.

Chen, Lydia. Chinese Knotting. Periplus Books, 2003.

Milodot, Suzan. Chinese Knots for Beaded Jewelry. Search Press, 2003.