Cypselus of Corinth
Cypselus of Corinth was a significant figure in ancient Greek history, known for overthrowing the ruling Bacchiadae clan and establishing himself as a tyrant around 657 BCE. Originating from an aristocratic background, he gained both military and civil experience under the Bacchiadae, but growing hostility towards their rule led him to incite an insurrection. His regime was characterized by reforms in political institutions and a focus on economic prosperity, highlighted by the founding of colonies and the development of the Corinthian treasury at Delphi. His reign lasted approximately thirty years and is noted for fostering trade and artistic innovation in Corinth. Cypselus's legacy continued through his son, Periander, who succeeded him, further establishing a dynasty that would influence future tyrants in Greece. Though he is often viewed as an archetype of tyranny by opponents of autocratic rule, Cypselus reportedly maintained a favorable reputation among his constituents. His life and rule reflect a complex interplay of power, governance, and public perception in the context of ancient Greek society.
Cypselus of Corinth
Related civilizations: Corinth, Archaic Greece
Major role/position: Tyrant
Life
Archaic Corinth was ruled by the Bacchiadae, a tight-knit aristocratic clan, of which Cypselus’s (SIHP-suh-luhs) mother was a member. Cypselus of Corinth seems to have held both military and civil office under their rule. Sensing growing hostility toward the Bacchiadae, he led an insurrection and established himself as tyrant. Although this was done primarily with the assistance of wealthy Corinthians dissatisfied with Bacchiad rule, Cypselus seems also to have enjoyed popular support. During the thirty years of his rule, circa 657-627 b.c.e., he reorganized Corinthian political institutions, founded colonies in northwestern Greece, and built the Corinthian treasury at Delphi. Growing trade and external contacts brought prosperity and artistic innovation. Cypselus was succeeded by his son Periander of Corinth and then his grand-nephew Psammetichus, who was soon deposed and killed (c. 585), ending the Cypselid dynasty.
Influence
Cypselus founded one of the earliest and longest-lasting tyrant dynasties. He would serve as a model for other Greek tyrants and as an archetype of the cruel, ruthless dictator for those who opposed tyranny—despite the fact that he almost certainly enjoyed a good reputation in his native Corinth.
Bibliography
Herodotus. The Histories. Translated by Robin Waterfield. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
McGlew, J. Tyranny and Political Culture in Ancient Greece. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1993.
Salmon, J. B. Wealthy Corinth. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.