First World Wide Web Files Posted on the Internet

First World Wide Web Files Posted on the Internet

On August 6, 1991, Timothy Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist working for the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland, posted his files for the newly developed World Wide Web on the Internet. Known to most people simply as the Web, it revolutionized computer communications and sparked both a massive increase in popular usage of the Internet and a boom in Internet economic activity.

The Web and the Internet are often thought to be one and the same, but this is not the case, although the Web has come to dominate most Internet activity. The Internet has its roots in the 1960s, when scientists first developed the means for putting information into electronic packets that could be transferred from one computer to another with relative ease. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense, an agency concerned with keeping the United States at the forefront of technological development for both economic and national security reasons, funded an Internet prototype known as the ARPANET. It also funded research into satellite-based networks. By the 1980s there were a variety of Internet systems, including several in-house networks developed in the private sector. However, many of these systems were incompatible with each other, and so scientists like Berners-Lee began to explore various means for communicating between them. Research began into transmitting both sounds and pictures, creating user-friendly GUI (graphical user interface) tools, and designing hypertext, which made it possible to link documents and other materials from one to another. Berners-Lee combined these various technologies and had a working World Wide Web system by 1991. In May of that year it was incorporated into CERN's internal computer system, and on August 6 he released his files on the Internet for comments and critiques by scientists, software developers, and other interested parties.

Berners-Lee's World Wide Web files generated a massive amount of input, leading to a variety of significant improvements and refinements. In 1993 Marc Andreesen and several other graduate students at the University of Illinois's National Center for Supercomputing Applications developed Mosaic, the first modern Web browser. It was the prototype for the later Netscape browsers. The World Wide Web quickly became an enormous success, thanks to both the reduced governmental restrictions on access to the Internet and the spread of low-cost personal computers, which enabled virtually anyone to access the Web.