Lincoln, Nebraska

Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska and the county seat of Lancaster County. Named for former President Abraham Lincoln, the city was a contested territory during the Civil War, divided between Union and Confederate supporters. The capital has evolved into Nebraska's second largest city and one of the state's major cultural and commercial centers.

Landscape

Lincoln occupies approximately 75 square miles of central Nebraska, including the residential suburbs that border the city. The city was founded on an extensive salt marsh in the center of the state. Early pioneers hoped that the salt marsh would produce enough salt to amount to a profitable industry, and the potential for salt harvest was one of the primary reasons for Lincoln's establishment.

Downtown Lincoln is organized into a regular grid with streets numbered from A to Z (O Street serves as the central thoroughfare). The geographic center of the city contains the State Capitol and other administrative buildings. The downtown area stretches from 7th to 23rd streets and from G to R streets, containing more than 2,500 houses.

Popular residential neighborhoods include Antelope Park, Colonial Hills, Irvingdale, Near South, and Witherbee. In an effort to maintain the authentic feel of some areas, the city requires special permits to build in historical areas. There are more than twenty residential neighborhoods in Lincoln, including the suburbs on the outskirts of the city.

Lincoln lies in a moderate temperate climate, with four distinct seasons. The city is relatively dry through most of the year, with precipitation most common in the spring. Lincoln receives about 26 inches of precipitation each year. The average high temperature in July is about 88 degrees Fahrenheit, and the average low in January is 16.4 degrees. Because of climate change, the city expects its average annual temperature to rise from 51.9 degrees in 2023 to 57 degrees in 2050. The city also expects a 340 percent increase in days where the heat index tops 100 degrees.

People

According to a 2022 United States Census Bureau estimate, there were approximately 292,627 people living in Lincoln. Census estimates showed that the city's population grew by 0.5 percent between April 2020 and July 2022. The median age for residents of the city is 33.9, compared to a median age of 37.4 for the state as a whole.

In 2022, an estimated 78 percent of the population was White. Those of Hispanic or Latino heritage are the largest minority, accounting for approximately 8.3 percent of the population, followed by Black or African Americans, accounting for 4.1 percent. Most of the city's residents are of German ancestry. Many of the remaining residents are of Irish, English and Czech descent.

There are more than 118,332 families in Lincoln, and the tourism department often markets Lincoln as a family-friendly city. Lincoln has a well-known zoological park and a number of family-oriented museums and recreation centers across the city. The city's predominantly Germanic heritage is also evident in the city's culture, as German cultural festivals are an important part of the city's annual events.

Economy

Employment in Lincoln is skewed towards the public sector and the government—federal, state, and local—is the city's largest employer as of 2020 with about 40,500 employees , according to the Lincoln Partnership for Economic Development. Other major industries include education and health services and professional and business services.

The University of Nebraska is one of the city's major employers and also composes a central component to the city's culture and development. Bryan LGH Medical Center is another of the city's major employers and the city's primary medical organization. Kawasaki Motors Manufacturing USA also maintains a large manufacturing center in Lincoln, which has become one of the city's major employers.

Lincoln benefits from its central location, being roughly at the midpoint between New York and Los Angeles and within one-day automobile travel from all the major Midwestern cities. Truck shipments along Interstate Highway 80 often stop in or near Lincoln. The city is approximately 425 miles from Minneapolis, Minnesota, and 198 miles from Kansas City, Missouri.

Lincoln is experiencing a growing job market in the early twenty-first century. The city has consistently maintained unemployment rates lower than the national average, with US Department of Labor Statistics reporting a 2.1 percent unemployment rate in December 2023.

Landmarks

The Nebraska State Historical Society established the Museum of Nebraska History in downtown Lincoln as a place where students and visitors can learn about the history of the state, from the first visitors to arrive in the region in prehistory, through the development of Native American societies and the arrival of European settlers. The museum also has exhibits educating visitors about modern Lincoln, including a Kawasaki motorcycle, a tribute to modern industry.

The State Capitol is one of the most unique architectural buildings in Lincoln, and is one of the largest skyscraper-style capitol buildings in the nation. The interior of the building is lined with carvings, sculptures, mosaics and paintings, each symbolizing some aspect of the history of Nebraska and the city. The capitol was constructed between 1922 and 1932.

The Historic Haymarket in Lincoln, which has been developed into a shopping, dining and entertainment district, is located a few blocks from the original town square established in the late 1800s. The Haymarket is now a thriving shopping and entertainment district with retail stores and restaurants.

The Haymarket is located near Iron Horse Park, a state park established in recognition of the arrival of locomotives in Nebraska in the 1870s. The arrival of the first locomotive is commemorated in a plaque, known as "Iron Horse Legacy," which depicts that first locomotive arriving on July 4, 1870.

History

Nebraska was home to a thriving indigenous society before the arrival of European explorers. Several tribes, including the Pawnee, followed the buffalo herds through the area. The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore the region, beginning with the explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado in the mid-sixteenth century. The French were the first settlers, establishing several thriving fur trading operations in the city.

The area first came to national attention around 1853, when the presence of large salt flats northwest of the present city attracted companies to the area interested in harvesting salt for trade. The first town in the area was established by Captain W. T. Donovan of the Crescent Salt Company in 1856, and was called Lancaster, named after Donovan's home town, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

During the Civil War, the location of the state capital became an issue of contention between those in the northern portion of the state, known locally as "North Platters," and the "South Platters" in the southern half of the state. The northern population wanted the northern city of Omaha to remain the state capital, while the southern population favored moving the capital further south. Lincoln was chosen as a compromise, as it is located roughly in the center of the state.

The city was initially called "Capital City," but the legislature later voted to rename the city after former President Abraham Lincoln, who had been assassinated two years earlier. The city was officially established in 1867 and was reorganized by surveyor August Harvey, who established the street grid system that remained the basis of the modern city.

The Nebraska State Legislature began work in 1869 to attract railroads and other businesses to the city. By the following year, the Burlington and Missouri River railroad companies completed tracks into the city and the population grew. The economy suffered in the 1870s and early 1880s, as economic depression stalled the growth of local businesses. In addition, infestations of grasshoppers threatened agricultural development and gambling and prostitution became the only viable businesses.

By 1890, the situation had begun to improve and the economy of Lincoln was beginning to recover. The establishment of the Women's Christian Temperance Union, in the 1880s, helped the city to establish social services and discourage the establishment of criminal enterprises.

The transition from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century also saw Lincoln--and Nebraska as a whole--becoming the center of the Populist movement in America. The Populist Party held its first national convention in Omaha in 1892, and Lincoln native William Jennings Bryan was the party's presidential nominee in 1896. The Populist Party elected their candidate governor in 1895 and held a number of local offices.

Racial turmoil shook Lincoln during World War I, as a portion of the population, largely those of German descent, supported the German forces abroad. A rash of anti-German sentiment swept through the community, including the University of Nebraska, where eighty professors were threatened with dismissal for failing to display appropriate allegiance to the US government.

In 1918, the city initiated the plan to construct a new capitol building and held a contest, inviting architects from around the country to submit their designs. New York architect Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue won the contest with his plan for a skyscraper-style capitol building, blending modern building design with traditional capitol elements, including the domed roof and intricate statues. The innovative capitol proved to be an economic benefit to the city, as the government was able to rent the lower floors of the 400-foot tower to businesses, thereby initiating a new model of government/private economic cooperation.

While livestock and agriculture were the original pillars of the local economy, Lincoln began transitioning to a service, industrial production economy in the mid-twentieth century; by the turn of the new century, the city had successfully built a diverse economic base. Despite slow growth from the end of World War II to the end of the millennium, Lincoln's population slowly modernized the city, transitioning from agriculture to industrial production, and then to service and public works.

In 2004, the city government created a new downtown improvement plan that included building a new civic center, additional tourist services and hotels, and parking. Lincoln has been able to maintain competitive cost of living while consistently improving state and city facilities as it has transitioned into the twenty-first century.

Trivia

• Edwin E. Perkins, a resident of Hastings, Nebraska, is famous locally as the inventor of the powdered drink mix Kool-Aid. Perkins was inspired by Jell-O, which arrived in Nebraska just after 1900. Perkins' Kool-Aid mix hit the stores in 1927, appearing in six flavors.
• Lincoln County was the site where archaeologists uncovered the largest fossil of the extinct wooly mammoth. In honor of the discovery, the State Legislature designated the wooly mammoth as the state fossil in 1967. Mammoth fossils have been found in all ninety-three counties of Nebraska.
• The weight training room at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln is the largest weight room in the country. Built in 1989, the University of Nebraska weight room covers more than a quarter of an acre.

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“NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data.” National Weather Service, www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=gid. Accessed 21 Feb. 2024.

“Lincoln, NE.” Census Reporter, censusreporter.org/profiles/16000US3128000-lincoln-ne/. Accessed 21 Feb. 2024.

“Lincoln, NE.” US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 21 Feb. 2024, www.bls.gov/eag/eag.ne‗lincoln‗msa.htm. Accessed 21 Feb. 2024.

“QuickFacts: Lincoln City, Nebraska.” US Census Bureau, www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/lincolncitynebraska/. Accessed 21 Feb. 2024.

“Resilient Lincoln.” City of Lincoln Nebraska, 2024, www.lincoln.ne.gov/City/Projects-Programs-Initiatives/Resilient-Lincoln. Accessed 21 Feb. 2024.