Stanley Finds Livingstone

Stanley Finds Livingstone

On November 10, 1871, the journalist Henry Morton Stanley found the missing explorer David Livingstone deep within the African interior. In one of history's most famous utterances, he greeted Livingstone with the words, “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

Livingstone was born on March 19, 1813, in Blantyre, Scotland. He was educated in medicine and religion. During the 19th century, Great Britain established a massive colonial empire in Africa, the interior of which was still largely unexplored by Europeans. As the British domains continued to expand, many people were attracted by the prospect of adventure in these mysterious inner reaches of Africa. Livingstone became an explorer and missionary, mapping these new lands and trying to bring Christianity to the natives. He saw the results of the slave trade and campaigned rigorously against it, making some enemies in the process. During the mid-1860s he disappeared while in Central Africa, roughly in the region of the modern nations of Tanzania and the Congo (formerly Zaire). As international publicity about Livingstone's disappearance increased, the New York Herald, an American newspaper, recruited Stanley to find him.

Stanley was born on January 28, 1841, in Denbigh, Wales. He led an adventurous life, traveling to the United States in 1859 and serving in both the Confederate and Union armies during the Civil War which erupted just a few years later. After the war he became a correspondent journalist, following various military campaigns around the world with American and British armies. Stanley's primary employer became the Herald, run by James Gordon Bennett. His most famous assignment became finding Livingstone, which he undertook in March 1871. Landing at the East African port of Zanzibar, Stanley took an expedition of approximately 2,000 men into the interior, bloodily suppressing any native resistance to his progress. By November 10, 1871, he had reached the town of Ujiji on Lake Tanganyika, where he found Livingstone near death and had him nursed back to health. After providing Livingstone with some badly needed supplies and assisting him in an exploration of the northern portion of the lake, Stanley and his party returned to Zanzibar in 1872.

After his return, Stanley wrote How I Found Livingstone (1872), a book about his adventures. It became a best-seller in Britain, and Stanley went on to lead further expeditions into the African interior. He died on May 10, 1904, in London, England. Livingstone died in Africa on May 1, 1873.