Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Abdicates

Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Abdicates

On May 9, 1946, King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy abdicated his throne, and shortly thereafter Italy became a republic.

Victor Emmanuel was born on November 11, 1869, in Naples, Italy. He became king of Italy after his father, Humbert I, was assassinated in July 1900. Victor Emmanuel was largely a passive ruler, and it was during his reign that Benito Mussolini and the Fascists rose to power in the 1920s, making him little more than a figurehead. After World War II in which Italy fought on the losing side, the process of forming a new government began, and a national referendum was scheduled for June 1946. Criticism of the king was intense in many sectors, and Allied pressure succeeded in convincing Victor Emmanuel to abdicate. He was succeeded by his son, who became King Humbert II, but Humbert also abdicated just a month later on June 13, 1946, after the Italian electorate voted in favor of a republican form of government. Victor Emmanuel went into exile, living in Portugal and then Egypt, where he died on December 28, 1947, in Alexandria. Humbert also chose to leave Italy.