Vitus Bering Sights Alaska

Vitus Bering Sights Alaska

Danish explorer Vitus Jonassen Bering was the first European to reach the coast of Alaska, sighting the region of what is now Cape Saint Elias on July 29, 1741.

In 1725, Russian Czar Peter the Great commissioned Bering to determine whether Asia was separated from America or whether it was one continuous land mass from the Russian domains in Siberia into the Arctic reaches of North America. Bering finally sailed in 1728, and on that first voyage, he discovered that the two continents were indeed divided by what is now called the Bering Strait. At one point only about 50 miles of water separate the two continents. Bering found some islands but, perhaps because of fog, did not see the Alaskan mainland. In 1741, however, he spotted land during his second voyage, and shortly after his July 29 sighting he landed on what is now known as Kayak Island. During his return voyage, Bering was shipwrecked and died on an island named after him in the Bering Sea. His men, however, built a new ship out of the wreckage of the old one and finally reached Russian soil with tales of a wealth of furs to be had from the herds of seals that they had seen.

For several decades thereafter, Russian adventurers and seal hunters from other nations plundered the seas and shores of Alaska. During these decades, Russians set up trading posts and settlements scattered along Alaska's coast. By the mid-1800s, the seal herds were decimated by wanton slaughter, and Russia was more interested in preventing the British Empire from dominating the Pacific Ocean than in pursuing the exploitation of Alaska. The United States, which was expanding into the Pacific region and had frequent conflicts with Great Britain, could only be an asset in Russia's desire to thwart British ambitions. Thus, the Russians decided to sell their North American colony to the land-hungry Americans. On March 30, 1867, Russia signed a treaty whereby the United States purchased Alaska for $7 million. Alaska became the 49th state within the United States on January 3, 1959.