Suquamish
The Suquamish are a Native American tribe located on the west side of Puget Sound in Washington State, with a population of approximately 890 individuals. They are part of the broader Northwest Coast cultural area and speak a Salishan language. Traditionally, the Suquamish relied heavily on marine resources, established permanent winter villages, and engaged in extensive trade and intermarriage with neighboring tribes. European American contact began in the late 18th century, and subsequent treaties and acts in the 19th century led to the establishment of the Suquamish Reservation, where many community members currently reside.
Culturally, the Suquamish have maintained their heritage through elaborate ceremonies and a revival of traditional practices such as winter spirit dancing and bone games. The Suquamish Museum, founded in 1985, plays a vital role in preserving and showcasing their history and crafts, including cedar boxes and basketry. Chief Seattle, a significant historical figure and leader of the Suquamish, remains influential in contemporary discussions about the tribe. In recent years, the Suquamish have experienced economic growth through ventures like the Clearwater Casino Resort and Port Madison Enterprises, contributing to their community's vitality and sustainability.
On this Page
Suquamish
- CATEGORY: Tribe
- CULTURE AREA: Northwest Coast
- LANGUAGE GROUP: Salishan
- PRIMARY LOCATION: West side of Puget Sound, Washington
- POPULATION SIZE: 890
The Suquamish were typical of Northwest Coast peoples, relying mostly on marine resources, occupying permanent winter villages, practicing extensive trade and intermarriage, and performing elaborate ceremonies.
The first European American contact was probably in 1792 when George Vancouver explored the region. In 1824, John Work of the Hudson’s Bay Company traversed the area, and in 1827, he established Fort Langley on the Fraser River, which commenced sustained trade within the region. Roman Catholics were the first missionaries, teaching their doctrine in Chinook jargon. The 1846 Treaty of Washington gave the area to the United States, and the 1850 Donation Land Act of Oregon opened the region to settlers. Eventually, most Suquamish settled on the Suquamish Reservation.
The Suquamish Museum was established in 1985; it depicts their history and houses a museum store for selling traditional crafts, mostly cedar boxes, Salish weaving, and basketry. There has been a revival of winter spirit dancing, bone games, and other traditional activities. The Suquamish rebuilt Chief Seattle's gravesite monument in 2011. Chief Seattle was an important and legendary leader of the Suquamish tribe and many of his ideas remain significant today.
Tourism and other economic ventures are a significant means of income for the tribe. The Suquamish reservation comprises nearly 8,000 acres, about 1,500 of which are owned by the tribe itself. The Suquamish tribe experienced an economic revival in the twenty-first century. Its Port Madison Enterprises employs more than 1,000 people, representing the second biggest private company in Kitsap County, Washington. The Suquamish Clearwater Casino Resort hosts summer concerts and other successful endeavors.
Bibliography
Jefferson, Warren. The World of Chief Seattle. Native Voices, 2001.
"Meet Native America: Chairman Leonard Forsman, Suquamish Tribe." National Museum of the Native American, 23 July 2015. ictnews.org/archive/leonard-forsman-nmais-meet-native-america-series. Accessed 18 Nov. 2024.
Ruby, Robert H., et al. A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest. 3rd ed. U of Oklahoma P, 2014.
“Suquamish Today.” Suquamish, suquamish.nsn.us/home/about-us/suquamish-today/. Accessed 18 Nov. 2024.
Walker, Richard. "Suquamish Tribe's Economic Boom 'Breathtaking.'" North Kitsap Herald, 30 Jan. 2015. www.kitsapdailynews.com/news/suquamish-tribes-economic-boom-breathtaking/. Accessed 18 Nov. 2024.