The Chain of Chance: Analysis of Major Characters

Author: Stanisaw Lem

First published: Katar, 1976 (English translation, 1978)

Genre: Novel

Locale: Naples and Rome, Italy; and Paris, France

Plot: Science fiction

Time: The late 1970's

John, the narrator, a laconic fifty-year-old American private detective of French Canadian origin who has been hired to investigate the death of an American named Adams. An unreflective man of action, almost a machine, he seldom becomes nervous or frightened. As an astronaut, he learned how to wait patiently for those moments when quick and decisive action was required, yet he can make quite impulsive decisions, as when he enlisted in the commandos at the age of eighteen and participated in the invasion of Normandy as a glider infantryman. Dismissed from the Mars program because of allergies to grass and dust, he has been hired to investigate the death of a fellow American who was one of twelve victims of the same mysterious cause of death in Naples.

Annabella, a young French girl whom John heroically saves from being killed by a Japanese terrorist's bomb in the Rome airport. Although newspaper accounts of this event describe her as a teenager, she is in fact younger than that. At first, she is apprehensive about John, fearing that he may be part of the terrorist's plot, but she becomes friendly with her protector when he takes her back to her parents.

Dr. Philippe Barth, a distinguished French computer scientist who serves as a consultant to the Sûreté. Because he has been programming a computer to solve problems in which the amount of data exceeds the storage capacity of human memory, John consults him as a last resort to help him unravel the case. Barth introduces John to a number of specialists whose conflicting advice, when taken together, enables him to understand the cause of Adams' death.

Lapidus (LAH-pee-dew), a French pharmacologist. His full-length beard and rather rough appearance make him look as though he has just returned from being marooned on an uninhabited island. He explains to John the scientific reasons for his belief that Adams and the others were the victims of gradual poisoning.

Saussure (soh-SEWR), a French specialist in pure mathematics. Lean and dark, he wears a gold pince-nez that gives him an old-fashioned appearance. Intellectually, he is rather a drifter, and he has recently resigned from a project attempting to calculate the probability of existence of extraterrestrial civilizations. He gives John insight into the “chain of chance” that caused the victims' deaths by showing that they were the result of a random causality.

Mayer, a German statistician. A burly man with curly blond hair, he resembles the cartoon Germans of World War I French propaganda. Because he is an applied mathematician, he serves as a foil to the pure, theoretical mathematics of Saussure.

Inspector Pingaud (pan-GOH), an elderly officer in the Sûreté. He tells John and Barth of a previous case of poisoning by accidental combinations of random elements, leading them to a successful solution of the Adams case.