The Red Pony: Analysis of Major Characters

Author: John Steinbeck

First published: 1937; expanded, 1945

Genre: Novella

Locale: Salinas Valley, California

Plot: Pastoral

Time: The early 1900's

Jody Tiflin, a young boy (ages ten through twelve over the four stories) growing up on an isolated California ranch. He is a normal kid—dreamy, sometimes irresponsible, and not above childish pranks—who loves the other members of his ranch family and learns something from each of them in the different stories of this novella: practical sense from his father, sensitivity from his mother, courage and caring from ranch hand Billy Buck, and a feeling for the past from his grandfather. Jody is at the center of each story. It is his red pony, Gabilan, that is “The Gift” that dies in the first story. In the second, Jody learns about life and death from Gitano, who returns to the ranch to die; in the third, Jody watches as Billy Buck saves Nellie's colt but has to kill the mare to do it; and in the last story, Jody learns from Grandfather's stories of “westering” in the nineteenth century about the importance of human history and human kindness.

Carl Tiflin, Jody's tall, stern father, who runs their Salinas Valley ranch. Carl is a disciplinarian who can be mean and cruel and who does not like to see weakness in others. A large part of his character clearly has been formed by the harsh environment that he is trying to control, yet he is not totally insensitive to Jody's problems and growth.

Mrs. Tiflin, Jody's mother, a sensitive and sympathetic woman who defends her son and her father to her husband. She works as hard as the male characters do in the struggles of California ranch life in the years around the beginning of the twentieth century.

Billy Buck, the Tiflins' middle-aged ranch hand and a significant part of the boy's life. He teaches Jody much about the world, both by what he says and by what he does. Billy tries everything he can to save Jody's pony, Gabilan, in the opening story and then to ensure that Nellie's colt lives in the third, but in both cases he is only human. Jody learns from Billy's fallibility, however, as well as from his own, and this knowledge is an important part of his own development over the course of the novella.

Grandfather, Mrs. Tiflin's father, a former wagon train leader. Grandfather is a garrulous old man who teaches Jody something about heroism and history. Jody's father has tired of the old man's stories, but both Jody and Billy Buck look up to this pioneer.

Gitano, an elderly Chicano laborer who returns to the ranch, his birthplace many years ago, to die. Gitano's rapier holds special significance for the young boy.

Gabilan, Nellie, Doubletree Mutt, and Smasher, animals that figure prominently in this rural life as well as in the author's naturalistic prose.