The Royal Dirk by Patricia Beatty

First published: 1966; illustrated

Type of work: Historical fiction

Themes: Coming-of-age, family, politics and law, and war

Time of work: The mid-eighteenth century

Recommended Ages: 10-13

Locale: Highland Scotland and London

Principal Characters:

  • Alan Macrae, a thirteen-year-old whose bravery and loyalty help Bonnie Prince Charlie escape from the English
  • Charles Edward Stuart, “
  • Bonnie Prince Charlie, ", the Stuart claimant to the British throne
  • Duke of Cumberland, nicknamed “
  • Billy the Butcher, ", the callous victor of the Battle of Culloden
  • Jessie Cameron, the woman who gains Alan’s release from the Edinburgh Castle jail
  • Captain Geoffrey Pride, a highwayman and gambler, who frees Alan from jail but imprisons him briefly in his own service
  • Filippo di Robini, an Italian fencing master, who employs Alan in London after Alan rescues his dog
  • Andre Desaix, the alias of
  • Alexander McDonald, a member of the Jacobite court in France and expert swordsman, who pretends to be a French gambler

The Story

Before the action in The Royal Dirk begins, “Bonnie Prince Charlie” (Charles Edward Stuart), grandson of King James I of Scotland (exiled to France in 1688), successfully led the Jacobites in several battles while trying to regain the throne for his father, James II (“Jamie the Rover”). Jacobite (Latin Jacobus for “James”) loyalists had supported the Stuarts in 1715, but the English had won. The prince wants to declare a Jacobite and Stuart victory with a victory at the Battle of Culloden in 1746.

As The Royal Dirk begins, Alan Macrae waits in his highland home for news of his Jacobite brother, Rory, fighting for the prince at Culloden. When a British searching party arrives instead, Alan realizes that the Jacobites have lost to the Duke of Cumberland. He returns to his sheep and discovers Rory’s tartan brooch pinned to the woolly neck of his favorite ewe. He plans with Anna, a girl whose brother has been with Rory, to search the hilltop caves after dark. After several unexpected delays, Alan and Anna find Rory gravely wounded, but Rory wants Alan to take the man with him to safety immediately, through the treacherous highland ridges. Alan agrees, and Prince Charles gives him a knife, a small silver dirk with garnets in the handle, as a remembrance.

The next morning, a British general announces the prince’s escape and Cumberland’s demand for a prisoner from each family to stand trial for aiding the prince. Alan volunteers to protect Rory, who could not survive the march toward Edinburgh. In Edinburgh, another prisoner in the castle tollbooth questions Alan about the prince, but Alan reveals nothing. Soon after, a stranger arrives and identifies Alan as her brother. The guards release him to Jessie.

After a series of experiences with Jessie and her highwayman husband Captain Pride, Alan arrives in London, where he rescues the dog of Filippo di Robini, an Italian master-at-arms and expert swordsman. The grateful di Robini hires him. At his house, Alan sees David Garrick, the famous actor, observing moves for the final duel in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Alan listens to wealthy visitors discuss “Billy the Butcher” and his plans to execute the Jacobite leaders. When the Frenchman Andre Desaix appears, he is di Robini’s only solid fencing competition. Desaix’s pleasure over the recent Jacobite executions, however, incites Alan’s contempt. When di Robini unexpectedly wounds Desaix, he cries in Gaelic, not French. Alan, intrigued, follows the mysterious Desaix to his hotel.

Desaix summons Alan to his room and shows him a dirk matching Alan’s. After questioning, Alan finally believes Desaix’s story that he, a Scot who has served in James’s French court, has come to London to kill the Duke of Cumberland at the crowded Dachet races. Alan unexpectedly attends the Dachet races and there sees Graham Hall (a common criminal) aim a pistol at Desaix. Alan screams, and Desaix stabs Hall with his dirk. Cumberland mistakenly thinks that Desaix has saved his life. To escape suspicion when the Duke’s men begin to reconstruct the incident, especially his having a knife in a place where no weapons were allowed, Desaix immediately returns to France.

As the story nears its close, Alan tells di Robini his origin and departs. Yet, one further adventure awaits Alan. Men waiting for him outside escort him to the Prince of Wales, who questions him about the events. Satisfied with Alan’s answers, the prince grants him safe passage home.

Context

John and Patricia Beatty wrote nine historical novels set primarily in the British Isles. These works reveal British history from 1595 in Master Rosalind (1974) to 1752 in At the Seven Stars (1963). The novels cluster around three political settings: the last years of Queen Elizabeth I’s reign (during Shakespeare’s time); the English Civil War and after, 1640-1670; and the Jacobite attempt to regain the English throne in the 1740’s. A tenth novel, Who Comes to King’s Mountain? (1975), reveals the important role of the Scots in shaping American culture and social mores during the American Revolution. Many Scots escaped or were transported to the American colonies (especially North Carolina and Tennessee) after the Battle of Culloden; there they continued their fight against the British by joining the Colonists.

The Royal Dirk, like the Beattys’ other novels for young readers, has a picaresque plot, with the protagonist moving from one adventure to another in series rather than sequence. The adventures unfold a mystery within the context of the novel’s historical setting. The young protagonist helps to solve the mystery realistically by continuing to react naturally to situations and, by doing so, rescuing a threatened person. As part of the plot, an adult may masquerade as a friend or as an enemy, and not until the resolution will the protagonist or the reader know which role the person plays.

The Beattys incorporate their plots and protagonists into the historical settings with clarity and ease, with each adventure accurately depicted. Since the Beattys report that they researched all the words in their book Campion Towers (1965) to confirm which ones were in use during 1651, they most likely have exercised a similar preciseness in the other novels. Within these authentic historical settings, the Beattys create informative stories which are exciting to read.