The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle by Avi

First published: 1990

Subjects: Coming-of-age, gender roles, and travel

Type of work: Novel

Type of plot: Adventure tale and historical fiction

Time of work: 1832

Recommended Ages: 13-15

Locale: The North Atlantic Ocean

Principal Characters:

  • Charlotte Doyle, a thirteen-year-old schooled in England, traveling alone on a sailing ship to her home in America
  • Captain Andrew Jaggery, the captain of the Seahawk, a refined man of seeming respectability
  • Zachariah, a decrepit old black sailor who serves as cook and surgeon on the ship
  • Hollybrass, the first mate on board the Seahawk
  • Keetch, the second mate on board the Seahawk
  • Cranick, a stowaway

Form and Content

The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle is an adventure story set on the high seas that begins with “an important warning” in which Charlotte explains to the reader: “If strong ideas and action offend you, read no more.” She goes on to explain that as a result of her voyage on the Seahawk, she is a much different young woman from the one who stepped aboard the ship in England.

Because her father and the rest of Charlotte’s family have had to return home to Providence, Rhode Island, before Charlotte was finished with her schooling at the Barrington School of Better Girls in England, he has made arrangements for Charlotte to travel on one of his company’s ships, along with two other American families. The two families are delayed, however, and the Seahawk sets sail promptly as appointed. Charlotte finds herself the only girl in the company of a crew of ruffians.

She is somewhat offended by the familiarity of the old black cook, Zachariah, who early on befriends her. When he offers her a small dagger—“in case you need it”—Charlotte is convinced that he is not someone with whom she should spend time. Nevertheless, she accepts the knife and hides it under her mattress. Charlotte knows that she is in a worrisome situation and that there is something amiss on the ship. When she is introduced to Captain Jaggery over a cup of tea in his quarters, however, Charlotte is pleased to find him a refined and charming gentleman, someone worthy of her trust. Jaggery explains to her that a sea captain must be stern and that his actions may even sometimes appear to be harsh. He also requests that she be on the lookout for anything in the crew’s behavior or conversation that would suggest trouble.

Soon enough, Charlotte makes unsettling discoveries. In the hold of the ship looking through her trunk, she thinks that she feels the presence of another person in the dark; later, on deck she witnesses Captain Jaggery’s severe treatment of the crew. She also catches a glimpse of a “round robin,” a piece of paper bearing the names of crew members intent on mutiny, and she discovers that one of the sailors has a gun in his possession. Charlotte believes that she is obligated to inform Captain Jaggery.

Within minutes after she has told the captain, the crew rushes onto the deck, and in their midst she sees a stowaway. Jaggery meets the desperate crew with guns drawn, and, in the ensuing confrontation, he shoots the stowaway Cranick and whips Zachariah unmercifully, leaving him for dead. The captain also explains to the crew that it was Charlotte’s observation of their actions that prompted his awareness of their planned mutiny. From that point on, Charlotte recognizes that the captain is a treacherous and sadistic villain; she also sees that her foolish actions have put her at odds with the crew.

Charlotte decides to prove to the crew that she can be trusted, and, in open defiance of the captain, she “joins” the crew. She works heroically in the riggings during a hurricane, but, when the first mate is found murdered after the storm, Jaggery blames the crime on her. Cast into the brig, she is comforted by Zachariah (whose burial at sea has been staged by the crew), and the two plot to overthrow Jaggery before she is tried for murder and executed.

Through several reversals of action, Charlotte survives the voyage and is reunited with her family, who offer a cool reception to her tale of adventure. She determines that she cannot accept a life of stifled propriety and sneaks out one night to join the crew of the Seahawk as it sets sail.

Critical Context

The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle was named a 1991 Newbery Honor Book. Avi, whose writing has received numerous awards, is a popular author of historical and realistic fiction. His work for young adults includes such novels as A Place Called Ugly (1981), Devil’s Race (1984), S.O.R. Losers (1984), Wolf Rider: A Tale of Terror (1986), Romeo and Juliet—Together (and Alive!) at Last (1987), The Man Who Was Poe (1989), and Nothing but the Truth: A Documentary Novel (1991).