Army
An army is a structured group of individuals trained and equipped for land-based military operations. It can function independently or represent the total military capability of a state or ruler. Over time, the composition and strategies of armies have evolved significantly. For instance, ancient armies, such as the elite hoplites of Greece, typically consisted of affluent citizens skilled in combat. Additionally, historical examples include mercenary forces, which were motivated by financial gain rather than loyalty to a nation or cause, notably during conflicts like the Thirty Years' War. In contrast, the latter half of the 20th century saw the rise of national professional armies, characterized by a more formalized and state-supported military structure. Understanding the historical context and transformation of armies offers insight into their roles in warfare and society, reflecting both military tactics and cultural values throughout different eras.
Subject Terms
Army
A large body of persons, trained and armed for land combat. An army may be a force that exists for independent action, or a state or ruler’s entire force. The size, content, and war-waging techniques of armies have changed greatly throughout history. Some early armies—like those centered on the elite hoplites of ancient Greece—were primarily composed of well-to-do citizens who doubled as well-trained infantrymen. Armies of mercenaries—such as those that ravaged Europe during the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648)—have been popular, as their loyalty lies not in political, religious, or patriotic ties, but in money and plunder. National professional armies became especially prevalent in the last half of the twentieth century.
