Jogging

Jogging is a physical activity that involves running at a relatively leisurely or relaxed pace. Although people may jog for practical reasons—such as to reach destinations in a shorter time than could be achieved through walking—formal jogging usually takes place as a form of exercise meant to increase physical fitness. Compared to running for exercise, jogging is less stressful and more easily maintained over a greater distance, while still giving the body an aerobic workout. Jogging became popular in the United States and other countries in the 1960s after it was introduced as an all-ages exercise technique by running coach Bill Bowerman, who was inspired by New Zealand jogging proponents such as Arthur Lydiard.

Background

Running is a skill as old as humanity, and one that has served countless uses throughout the millennia, from pursuing prey to escaping danger. Even in ancient times, many cultures also viewed running as a sporting activity that could demonstrate, as well as increase, one’s speed, strength, and endurance. The importance of running is perhaps best evidenced in its inclusion as one of the original events in the ancient Greek Olympic Games, along with the long jump, the shot put, boxing, javelin throwing, martial arts, and horseback riding.

In the early Olympics, runners participated in several types of races. The top test for running speed was the stade race, which extended once across the Olympic track, or 200 meters (656 feet). During this race, runners put maximum energy into building speed over the fairly short distance. In longer-distance events, such as the diaulos (400 meters; 1,312 feet) and the dolichos (1,400 meters or longer; 4,593 feet or longer), athletes had to moderate their energy use to increase endurance, even if that required some loss of speed.

Champion runners were celebrated as admirable models of physical fitness and prized for their abilities. In an era long before advanced communication technology, runners often carried messages between towns, cities, armies, or countries. According to legend, a Greek messenger ran almost 40 kilometers (25 miles) to deliver news of a military victory, only to die of exertion immediately afterward. This feat inspired the creation of marathon racing events.

Although running is a natural skill and was a celebrated sport in some cultures, running for exercise was generally rare in the past. Since many people’s lives already involved significant physical activity, from carrying water to planting fields to hunting for food, people had little time or need for activities meant solely for exercise. The idea of running for exercise, or exercising in general, is a relatively modern concept that arose as people adopted more technology and became increasingly sedentary.

Overview

The idea of jogging as a popular, widespread form of exercise may be traced back to the 1960s. University of Oregon running coach Bill Bowerman visited New Zealand in 1962. There, he discovered that many athletes, such as those being trained by running coach Arthur Lydiard, were jogging to increase their fitness. Upon returning to America, Bowerman became an enthusiastic proponent of jogging for fitness. With Dr. W.E. Harris, he co-wrote a book called Jogging: A Physical Fitness Program for All Ages.

Bowerman’s advocacy quickly won significant attention and many supporters. Many serious athletes worked jogging into their workout programs, but the true popularity of the activity stemmed from it being open to most people. Young or old, people who were not otherwise athletic, or even in very good physical condition, were able to ease themselves into the activity and begin to enjoy its benefits.

At first, the activity seemed strange to many, who were unused to seeing adults running in the streets. Many alarmed bystanders called police to report the activity, assuming that a crime or an emergency was taking place. By the 1970s, however, the practice had become mainstream and was even supported by new studies, books, educational programs, and athletic wear.

Many athletes and experts disagree on what exactly constitutes a jogging pace, as opposed to walking or running. Generally, people accept jogging as running at a relaxed pace, exerting low to moderate energy levels. Jogging typically does not exceed 9.7 kilometers (6 miles) per hour. A common rule of thumb is that joggers should be able to hold a conversation while jogging, indicating that they are not too out of breath from exertion.

Many medical and sports experts have praised jogging, whatever its exact pace, as a means of benefiting the body and mind. Jogging can raise the heart rate to a healthier level than regular walking, without the heavier bodily stresses and strains of running. That exercise and strengthen the heart and cardiovascular system. At the same time, jogging, along with many other forms of exercise, can burn calories and help people lose weight. Most studies have shown that the faster the pace, the greater the weight burn, so while jogging is not as effective as running, it is still helpful.

The potential benefits of jogging and similar exercises also extend to the immune system. Moderate exercises done regularly can help protect the body from illnesses, both short- and long-term. In addition, jogging involves gently moving the body, which can help prevent stiffness of joints and other damage to the spine and other vital structures.

Jogging may also offer a variety of benefits beyond physical health. It can contribute to better mental health, frequently providing relief for people with depression, anxiety, and other disorders. Jogging and similar exercises can help to reduce stress and clear the mind. These sorts of behaviors often have a positive social aspect as well, since joggers usually operate outdoors and on town or city sidewalks, where they may get to meet their neighbors as well as other joggers and potentially form new friendships.

Although jogging is a relatively simple activity, people getting involved in it should make some preparations before beginning. Experts recommend choosing comfortable clothing and gear, particularly proper running shoes that will support the feet and reduce the chances of injury. Medical experts advise joggers to practice good posture to protect their backs and knees. People who are not used to exercise, or who have medical problems, should consult their doctors before beginning a jogging program. In addition, people planning to jog on a warm day should ensure that they are properly hydrated.

Bibliography

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