Model Cars

History

Building model cars allows the hobbyist to own the vehicle of his or her dreams, and provides a rewarding activity that can be enjoyed by people of almost every age and skill-level. The hobby also includes model trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), emergency vehicles, military vehicles, motorcycles, dune buggies, and almost any other vehicle that moves on wheels and is not an airplane.

In 1908, Henry Ford built the first Model T, inspiring woodworkers to try their hand at constructing model cars. The first kits, made from balsa wood, evolved long after the hobby of building model boats and ships had already become established.

In 1930, the Fisher Body division of General Motors sponsored the first model car contest for youth, the Fisher Body Craftsman Guild Design Competition. Students designed their own plans for a Fisher coach and built the model from scratch. Winners were awarded college scholarships. The competition was held annually until 1968 and attracted many students who later became car designers and engineers in the automobile industry.

Revell introduced their line of model cars in the early 1950s. Their first kit was the historic 1910 Maxwell, which came with a miniature Jack Benny figurine for the driver's seat.

The hobby gained in popularity as the nation rebounded from World War II and the first baby boomers reached elementary-school age. A Cub Scout pack in California held the first Pinewood Derby for wooden model cars in 1953. A new Boy Scout merit badge also reflected the burgeoning interest in model cars.

As with the auto industry, new model car kits were introduced each year while others were discontinued, spawning a new interest for model collectors. Many collectors and hobbyists look to the 1950s and 1960s as a "golden age," a time when especially exciting models were coming off the assembly line with fins, lots of chrome, convertible tops, and other features previously unheard of. The first models with working windows, doors, and lights were developed during the 1960s, adding to the excitement level.

Many kits were packaged so that the modeler could choose to build them as stock, custom, or racing models. The customization and modification of kits are among the most rewarding aspects of the hobby.

Today, the hobby is divided between static (non-moving) cars and racecars, with many competitive opportunities for both. For most enthusiasts, model car building represents the perfect blend of engineering and art, regardless of whether one builds a National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) car, a pink Cadillac, a monster truck, or a psychedelic Volkswagen bus.

Selecting a Kit

If interested in authenticity, look for a detailed scale model. Scales include 1:10, 1:32, 1:48, 1:72, and 1:100. Slot cars are scaled 1:24, 1:32, 1:43, and HO. The scale is the ratio of the model to the life-sized car.

Radio-controlled models should be selected for their speed, class, and engine type. Nitro-powered models are the most difficult to run and may be the most expensive; gas models cause the most pollution. The benefit of either of these types is that they can be refueled after each race; battery-powered electric models will require recharging after each run.

On-road racers use paved tracks, while off-road vehicles race on dirt. Slot cars require a special track.

When selecting a particular model, one should compare the quality of kits between different companies and be alert to components not included. Some radio-controlled models are packaged with a radio system, while others are not.

Tips & Techniques

Begin with a kit suitable for a novice. Gather together all supplies as recommended by the manufacturer. Check to make sure that all parts are provided. Then, study the plans, read over the instructions, and become familiar with symbols or abbreviations. Children should be supervised when constructing models.

Work at a table or workbench that will not be disturbed. Protect the surface, if necessary. Tack the instructions to a wall or backboard located near the workstation. Consider making backup copies before starting a project. Work in a well-ventilated area, and never spray paint around an open flame. Wear a mask when sanding plastic, resin, paint, and glue. Avoid using glass for windows and lights on RC models and other cars that will be raced.

To avoid damaging pieces, cut them from the wooden or plastic tree with a knife or a pair of scissors, rather than breaking them off. Before gluing the parts together, assemble the major components without glue to make sure that everything fits well.

Before painting components, sand, clean and prime or undercoat the surface. Work carefully and be prepared to fix mistakes. Be vigilant about organization and clean up messes immediately to protect the model. Allow all pieces to dry thoroughly.

Modelers should strive for quality finishes, well-crafted interiors, and overall competence in construction and design. Modifications can personalize and even improve the design and finish. Consider a different color of paint, a texture, or antiquing. Smashed vehicles or a few dents can also add authenticity. Details such as a license plate, windshield wipers, and floor mats will add rewarding, authentic touches to any vehicle.

Trends

Technology-savvy hobbyists are benefiting from three-dimensional modeling and rendering software, which can be used to design new models or scale life-size vehicles accurately.

Solar-powered and other alternative-energy model cars have become a routine part of academic design competitions as the need for alternative fuels in the automobile industry becomes more pressing.

Lexan, a polycarbonate resin that is lighter in weight than injection-molded plastic, is now being used for some model car bodies, especially slot racing models.

Customizing remains an important aspect of the hobby, and the ways in which models can be customized have become increasingly creative, from incorporating special parts outside of a kit to adding touches such as a look of weathering or dirt to the paint finish.

Model Cars for Fun vs. Profit

The industry offers many local and national competitive opportunities to win cash prizes for racing or for design, technique, or artistic merit. Master builders design new models regularly to keep up with the real-life car market, design custom models, and work as restorers and conservationists. Model cars are often used for retail displays and one can freelance to supply this market as well as for museums and collectors.

Learning More

Organizations

International Model Car Builders' Museum

Remotely Operated Auto Racers (ROAR) <http://www.roarracing.com/>

Books

Covert, Pat. Building and Detailing Scale Model Cars. Specialty Press, 2006.

Downie, Robert. How to Use an Airbrush. Kalmbach, 2001.

Hansen, Lawrence. The Basics of Scale Modeling. Kalmbach, 2005.

Reeves, William. Building Antique Model Cars in Wood. Sterling, 2003.

Wigman, Nick J. The Car Modeller's Handbook. Crowood Press, 2007.

Wingrove, Gerald A. The Complete Car Modeller 1. Crowood Press, 2004.