Álvaro Siza Vieira

Architect

• Born: June 25, 1933
• Place of Birth: Matosinhos, Portugal

• Education: University of Porto

• Significance: Álvaro Siza Vieira is a Portuguese architect known for designing a number of uniquely modern buildings throughout his career. Siza has designed many kinds of structures and earned numerous awards for his work. He has won many international architecture competitions, which gave him the opportunity to design several important buildings and venues across the world.

Background

Álvaro Siza Vieira was born on June 25, 1933, in Matosinhos, Portugal, a small northern coastal town outside of Porto. He was the son of an engineer and took an interest in architecture as a youngster. He attended the University of Porto's School of Architecture between 1949 and 1955. Before he had completed his studies, Siza had already had four of his designs for houses built in Matosinhos. He also opened his own architecture studio in Porto in 1954.

Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Siza primarily designed residential buildings. He worked closely with Portuguese modernist architect Fernando Távora between 1955 and 1958. Távora encouraged Siza to preserve Portuguese architectural traditions by perpetuating them in his modern designs. Siza's enthusiasm for modernist architecture was curbed by Portugal's dictatorship, however, which wanted to establish a national architectural style within the country. Siza and his colleagues managed to study new ways of design while carefully avoiding the regime's suppressive powers. His first work to achieve this delicate balance and receive recognition was the Boa Nova teahouse and restaurant, completed in 1963. Situated on the coastal edge of Porto, visitors are confronted with a pristine view of the nearby ocean directly outside the windows.

In 1966, Siza's designs for an elaborate public pool complex in the small fishing town of Leça da Palmeira, home to a summer resort, were completed. The pool was built into the rocks on the Atlantic coastline below a seawall, which made the seawall invisible to viewers traversing the seaside promenade. He built several other pools that conformed to the grounds they occupied in Leça da Palmeira over the next several years, incorporating the natural rock formation of the coast into his designs. He also built changing rooms into a pavilion of concrete that leads visitors out to the seaside pool.

Life's Work

Siza taught at the University of Porto between 1966 and 1969, and returned as a full professor of construction in 1976. Although he completed several works of architecture throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s, much of his designs went unnoticed while Portugal was under the control of the Estado Novo (Second Republic) authoritarian regime led by Marcelo Caetano. Following the ousting of Caetano in 1974, Siza's work gained more exposure. In 1977, he was commissioned to design a housing project in the rural outskirts of the city of Evora. The project marked the beginning of several more collaborations between Siza and the government's national housing association. He designed 1,200 low-cost housing units, ranging in design from one-story residences to two-story town houses. All the developments had courtyards.

Siza also designed a number of bank buildings in the 1970s and 1980s that were notable for their unique facades and interactions with their surroundings. Siza's career began to flourish during this period, and he embarked on progressively larger projects into the 1990s. Siza also won a number of international competitions focused on renovating or rebuilding various venues. He was selected to renovate the Campo di Marte in Venice in the early 1980s and rebuilt the Chiado area of Lisbon after it was damaged by a fire in 1988. In 1987, he began work on a new School of Architecture for the University of Porto, a project he completed in 1992. That year, Siza was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize for his designs.

Siza continued to develop innovative architectural structures throughout the 1990s. He designed the Centro Galiziano (Museum of Modern Art) in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, that was completed in 1994. The year 1994 also included the completion of his Vitra factory in Germany and the Aveiro University Library in Aveiro, Portugal. He renovated and added an extension to the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam in 1997. Siza designed the Serralves Museum of Contemporary Art in Porto that opened in 1999. He also designed the Portuguese Pavilion at the 1998 Lisbon World Exposition.

Siva's work primarily focused on institutional buildings throughout the 2000s. He designed the headquarters and museum of the Iberê Camargo Foundation, a cultural institution in Porto Alegre, Brazil, that opened in 2008. Featuring a bright white exterior, the bold, curvy structure was built into the Brazilian hillside and features a design in direct contrast to many modern corporate buildings. In 2009, Siva was awarded the Royal Gold Medal for Architecture by the Royal Institute of British Architects, making him the first Portuguese architect to receive the honor.

In 2012, Siza was awarded the Venice Biennale Golden Lion for a lifetime of achievement in architecture. Two years later, Siza donated a large portion of his architectural archive to the Canadian Centre for Architecture in Montreal, Canada. The architect stated his decision to donate the materials was based on a desire to foster discussion and research into new architectural methods.

Siza and Spanish architect Juan Domingo Santos were selected to design a new visitors' center outside of Spain's cherished Alhambra building. The duo revealed their plans in 2014, but they were asked to revise their blueprints by the Alhambra's board of directors two years later. The board called the pair's plans invasive and believed it would have a negative impact on the site. The design was eventually scrapped in 2017. However, Siza worked on a number of projects in the interim, including a New York condo tower that became his first project in America when it was completed in 2022, a red brick theater in Spain, and a monestary and museum in Portugal, which he worked on with fellow Pritzker Prize winner Eduardo Souta de Mora.

As he continued to design a variety of projects in different formats and materials, Siza designed a white concrete church in Brittany in 2018, along with an off-grid retreat chapel in south Portugual and the red sandstone-clad International Design Museum of China, among others. The Huamao Museum of Art and Education, another Chinese museum done in 2020, was very differrent in design, with curved, windowless exterior walls clad in black corrugated metal. In 2022, he undertook a different type of project when he designed the Cauny X watch collection for the Swiss-based Cauny company. Another watch design, the Lebond Siza, followed in 2023, along with a plywood chair designed for the Portuguese company MOR. Siza also designed wooden figures for the Vatican City's Venice Architecture Biennial in 2024, while also focusing on several renovation and expansion projects in his hometown, including the Serralves Museum he designed in 1999.

Impact

Siza's structures continually experiment with the boundaries of architecture, and he has applied his innovative approach to a wide range of constructions, including housing units, university buildings, libraries, restaurants, shops, and art galleries. Siza is a respected designer and instructor of architecture around the world. He has served as a visiting professor at a number of institutions throughout his career, including the Graduate School of Design of Harvard University, École Polytechnique Fédérale of Lausanne, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Los Andes in Bogotá, Colombia. He has received multiple architectural awards and honorary doctorates during his lifetime.

Personal Life

Siza was married to painter Maria Antónia Marinho Leite, who died in 1973. The pair had a son and a daughter.

Bibliography

"Alvaro Siza." Dezeen, www.dezeen.com/tag/alvaro-siza/. Accessed 5 Oct. 2024.

"Alvaro Siza 1992 Laureate." Pritzker Architecture Prize, www.pritzkerprize.com/1992/bio. Accessed on 5 Oct. 2024.

Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture. Edited by R. Stephen Sennott, Fitzroy Dearborn, 2004.

Glancey, Jonathan. "A Gold Medal for Siza? About Time." Guardian, 8 Oct. 2008, www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/oct/08/alvaro.siza.riba.prize. Accessed on 5 Oct. 2024.

Glancey, Jonathan. "Hail Siza." Guardian, 28 Jan. 2009, www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jan/26/architecture-alvaro-siza. Accessed on 5 Oct. 2024.

Mairs, Jessica. "Álvaro Siza Vieira Uses White Concrete for Nadir Afonso Foundation in Northern Portugal." Dezeen, 3 Oct. 2016, www.dezeen.com/2016/10/03/alvaro-siza-vieira-nadir-afonso-foundation-chaves-portugal-white-concrete-fernando-guerra/. Accessed on 5 Oct. 2024.

Mairs, Jessica. "Álvaro Siza's Alhambra Project Scrapped." Dezeen, 9 Jan. 2017, www.dezeen.com/2017/01/09/alvaro-siza-juan-domingo-santos-alhambra-entrance-visitor-centre-plans-scrapped/. Accessed on 5 Oct. 2024.

Ouroussoff, Nicolai. "Modernist Master's Deceptively Simple World." New York Times, 5 Aug. 2007, www.nytimes.com/2007/08/05/arts/design/05ouro.html. Accessed on 5 Oct. 2024.