Virtualization (computing)
Virtualization in computing is a technology that enables a single computer or server to run multiple operating systems or applications simultaneously, thereby maximizing resource use and efficiency. This method emerged as a solution to the limitations of traditional computing, where machines could typically operate only one program or system at a time, often resulting in underutilization of capabilities. By creating a simulated environment, virtualization allows for various forms, including network, server, desktop, and storage virtualization.
Each type serves distinct functions: network virtualization simulates an entire network, server virtualization enables multiple OS instances on one server, desktop virtualization provides access to shared resources from different devices, and storage virtualization consolidates data storage for ease of access. Virtualization has gained prominence across various sectors, including government, education, healthcare, and commerce, due to its ability to reduce costs, improve productivity, and minimize environmental impact.
However, while virtualization can significantly enhance operational efficiencies—allowing machines to use up to 80% of their capacity—setting up and managing virtualized systems can be complex and may require a steep learning curve. Organizations and individuals considering virtualization must weigh these benefits against potential challenges and costs to determine its suitability for their specific needs.
Subject Terms
Virtualization (computing)
Virtualization is a process in computing that allows one computer or server to use more than one operating system or application simultaneously. In its various forms, virtualization has greatly affected how people use computers, servers, networks, storage devices, and other technologies. It has made technology more efficient, allowing one computer to take on the strength of many. This in turn has increased profits and productivity as well as reduced costs and waste for many companies and individuals.
Development
Since the first computers appeared in the middle of the twentieth century, computing technology has expanded tremendously. It has also become extremely diverse, with a wide and constantly changing range of products, brands, versions, and varieties available to the user. Although this diversity has allowed users to reach increasing levels of accomplishment in many fields, it has also contributed to confusion and limitations.
Prior to the development of computer virtualization, computers were limited in their ability to make use of the great variety of programs and products, which all had their own specific rules and requirements. Some computers could only effectively use one application or program at a time. Computers could also use only one kind of operating system, a fundamental program that allows the computer to use other applications and programs and perform necessary tasks. Even servers, computers that manage networks, were limited in their use of operating systems and other important features.
With the rise not only in the importance and in popularity of computers but also in their diversity, the limitations on computers and servers began to pose a serious problem. Since computers and servers could generally only use one application and operating system at a time, they were not able to multitask effectively. Data centers had to use multiple computers and servers to handle individual kinds of operating systems, applications, and tasks. This meant that many computers were working at only an estimated 5 to 15 percent of their capacity and then sitting idle.
Programmers and engineers recognized this inefficient system and the problems it was creating for individuals and technology companies. Throughout the later twentieth century, inventors tried to create software that would allow computers to use multiple applications and operating systems. Some approaches, such as boot managers, proved useful in cases such as merging Windows and Apple products. These early approaches, however, could be clumsy or complex. Inventors looked for new ways to handle this problem. The solution would be virtualization.
Uses and Types
By the early twenty-first century, the idea of virtualization began sweeping through the computing field. Virtualization allows one computer or server to use multiple operating systems or applications at the same time. It accomplishes this through software that virtually simulates the existence of other computers and applications that do not exist in the physical world. Through this virtual system, a single physical computer can run multiple operating systems or applications. In effect, virtualization allows one computer to do the work and access the capabilities of multiple computers.
Four important facets of computing—network, server, desktop, and storage—have undergone widespread virtualization since 2005. Network virtualization allows a physical computer network to be virtually simulated through software, offering a single computer the capabilities and services of an entire network of computers. Server virtualization allows one server to use multiple operating systems and applications, thus reducing the need for numerous machines and all the necessary upkeep. Desktop virtualization allows single computers or other devices to access information and abilities from other sources, allowing, for instance, a company to provide virtual desktops to mobile and outsource workers to keep everyone working on the same project with the same tools and data.
Finally, storage virtualization gathers data from many sources and stores it in a safe place that is accessible to any number of registered users. This idea is most similar to that of cloud computing, one of the most popular uses of virtualization. In cloud computing, computer users connect their devices to a virtual cloud, or a storage area containing software and data that is accessible to users at any time or place through any Internet-capable device. Cloud computing allows companies greater flexibility and saves money on hardware, software, and maintenance.
Effects of Virtualization
Virtualization is a major part of the computing and technology industries and appears in a wide range of fields. For instance, the government uses virtualization to connect its many agencies and respond to the needs of citizens more efficiently. Schools use virtualization to organize and prepare computer labs and help off-site students access the materials they need for lessons. Hospitals and health care organizations use virtualization to keep patient records secure yet accessible to medical professionals. Manufacturers, retailers, and banks use virtualization to manage inventory, regulate branch offices, and offer new and more efficient services.
Companies choose virtualization for many reasons. Likely, the primary reason is its efficiency, since fewer machines can do the task formerly done by many. Machines that previously used only 15 percent of their capabilities can use 80 percent with proper virtualization. This reduces the needs for costly extra machines, upkeep, and energy, and therefore helps a business reduce expenditures. At the same time, the reduced number of machines means less waste and energy requirements that, in turn, cuts down on environmental wear and damage. Virtualization, once correctly set up, may also make software installation and system administration much simpler.
Virtualization may not be the best choice for all businesses or individuals, however. Setting up virtualized systems may be a complicated and expensive task, and new users might find these systems complex and confusing at first. There is a steep learning curve in becoming accustomed to working with virtualized systems. Businesses and individuals should think carefully before choosing to undergo virtualization and determine whether it is the best way to meet their goals.
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