Computer Programmer
A computer programmer is a professional who specializes in creating, testing, and maintaining software applications and programs as part of the information technology (IT) industry. This role requires expertise in various programming languages, which provide the code necessary for computers to perform specific tasks. Programmers typically work in office environments, often at a desk in front of a computer terminal, although some may operate remotely or independently. The work can be done on flexible schedules, allowing for irregular hours, especially for those who freelance.
In addition to technical skills, successful programmers need strong interpersonal communication abilities to collaborate with other IT professionals and understand client needs. Education generally includes a bachelor’s degree in computer science or related fields, with many programmers continually updating their skills to keep pace with technological advancements. The job outlook for computer programmers is declining due to factors such as outsourcing and automation, with a projected decrease in employment opportunities over the next decade. Despite this, the role remains critical in various industries, driving innovation in software development, web design, and more.
Computer Programmer
Snapshot
Career Cluster(s): Architecture & Construction, Finance, Information Technology, Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics
Interests: Computer science, computer technology, solving problems, working alone, working with a team
Earnings (Yearly Median): $99,700 per year $47.94 per hour
Employment & Outlook: -11% (Decline)
Entry-Level Education Bachelor's degree
Related Work Experience None
On-the-job-Training None
Overview
Sphere of Work. Computer programmers are part of the larger information technology (IT) industry. Programmers specialize in creating computer applications and programs. Training for this occupation involves specialized instruction in one or more programming languages, which are sets of codes that instruct computers to perform various functions. Most computer programmers specialize in one or a few programming languages, each of which is used for various types of specialized functions. For instance, there are specific languages used to program 3-D and moving graphics, while other types of languages are typically used for basic web design and database construction.
Work Environment. Computer programmers work in office environments and typically do most of their work at a desk in front of a computer terminal. Though many programmers work in company offices, some programmers may complete a portion of their work off-site and may work from home, depending on their access to appropriate equipment and networks. Many computer programmers work during regular business hours, though the nature of the work is such that programming may be completed at any time, and many programmers may choose to work irregular hours.
Though some computer programmers work independently, programmers often coordinate with other IT professionals, including project managers, designers, and computer operators. Computer programmers benefit from skills in both customer service and interpersonal communication. Those who can work well as part of a team will have an advantage finding and maintaining employment in the field.
Computer programmers may work in a variety of organizations, from corporate offices to research facilities. Programmers who work as independent contractors may be hired by a variety of clients. These can range from companies producing web content to film and production studios. Computer programming is at the forefront of technological development and has rapidly become an important facet of commerce, marketing, and communication for hundreds of modern industries.
Occupation Interest. Those seeking a career in computer programming should be self-motivated and comfortable with tight schedules and deadlines. In addition, programmers must stay abreast of developments in the field and must be comfortable engaging in continuing education to stay informed about the latest evolutions in programming. Those seeking to work as independent contractors will also benefit from learning how to market their services to potential clients and must be motivated enough to pursue work and compete for projects.
A Day in the Life—Duties and Responsibilities. Most computer programmers spend their work hours in either home or work office environments and do most of their work at a desk in front of either a laptop or desktop computer terminal. While a specific project may have a strict deadline, programming work in general can be done at any time of day and can be broken up into numerous separate work periods.
During a typical day on the job, a programmer may write and test code for a certain application and may spend hours refining ongoing projects. In addition, programmers work alongside other IT professionals to complete certain projects. Time must also be dedicated to communicating with colleagues and customers. Part of a workday may also be spent in meetings with designers, project managers, or customers.
Computer programmers working in corporate environments may need to devote more of their time to working with members of a production team, while those working independently may be more able to organize their schedules according to personal preference. In addition, independent contractors must often spend time marketing their work and looking for new jobs. This process may involve sending out queries and applications as well as producing and maintaining a portfolio of work to show potential clients.
Work Environment
Immediate Physical Environment. Computer programmers tend to work in office environments, using a computer terminal to do their work. In large companies with multiple programmers, each programmer may occupy a cubicle, or they may work in shared or private offices, depending on the company. In many cases, programmers are able to complete work on variable schedules, and some may choose to work on certain projects outside of regular business hours. Independent contractors may work from home or from an independent office.
Human Environment. The human environment for a computer programmer can vary considerably according to the industry of employment and whether the individual works as an employee or an independent contractor. In corporate environments, programmers often work alongside designers, technicians, and project managers and function as part of an overall IT team that cooperates to complete projects. Independent contractors work alone most of the time and often work from home.
Whether working as an employee or an independent contractor, computer programmers benefit from strong interpersonal communication skills. Programmers often work to translate ideas produced by designers, project managers, and clients into functional programs. They benefit from strong communication skills and the ability to work with clients, customers, and colleagues.
Technological Environment. Computer programming is a rapidly developing field at the forefront of information technology, and programmers must be able to stay abreast of new developments. While the core languages used by programmers may change little from month to month, developers producing software and tools for programmers frequently introduce new products.
In addition, computer programmers must endeavor to remain at the forefront of hardware technology. Computer manufacturing companies frequently introduce new models and new components that provide advancements in speed and processing capability. Computer programmers also benefit from knowledge of computer maintenance and repair, which helps them to prevent hardware and equipment conflicts that can hinder their work.
Education, Training, and Advancement
High School/Secondary. High school students can prepare for a career in computer programming by taking classes in basic computer science. Some high schools may offer more specific classes in subjects such as web navigation and design, graphic arts, and even basic programming. Students are advised to explore any computer classes offered to gain additional experience in basic computer literacy and operation.
Postsecondary. Computer programming is a burgeoning field, and most colleges, universities, and technical schools now offer specialized degree and certificate programs in different areas of computer science. Many community colleges and four-year institutions offer classes in computer programming, which generally include one or more separate classes on each programming language.
Postsecondary students can pursue computer programming as a degree focus or as a secondary educational focus. In addition to undergraduate-level programs, several institutions offer graduate-level programs in computer programming for those holding degrees in computer science. Students pursuing degree or certification programs will typically complete assignments that can form the basis of their professional portfolios and can be shown to potential employers. Employers often evaluate potential employees based on the strength of their professional or personal portfolios.
The computer programmer job market was expected to decrease by 11 percent from 2023 to 2033. Reasons include companies outsourcing work overseas and technological improvements. Experts recommend those pursuing a career as a computer programmer take classes in artificial intelligence (AI) and computer network security.
Related Occupations
− Computer & Information Systems Manager
− Computer-Control Tool Programmer
− Information Security Analyst
− Network & Computer Systems Administrator
Bibliography
"Computer Programmers." Occupational Outlook Handbook, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17 Apr. 2024, www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-programmers.htm. Accessed 28 Apr. 2024.
Grey, Sheryl. "Computer Programming Jobs." Forbes, 3 Jan. 2024, www.forbes.com/advisor/education/it-and-tech/computer-programming-jobs/. Accessed 28 Aug. 2024.