Social movements are organized efforts by groups and individuals aimed at promoting or resisting social change within a society. These movements often operate outside traditional political systems, allowing them to focus on specific issues or broader societal challenges. The scope of social movements can vary widely, ranging from targeted campaigns to significant, far-reaching initiatives that address fundamental societal concerns.

Research on social movements encompasses various theoretical frameworks and concepts related to collective behavior, including contagion theory, convergence theory, and resource mobilization theory. These theories help explain how individuals come together to form movements, the dynamics of crowd behavior, and the role of media in shaping public perception. Understanding social movements also involves examining phenomena like moral panics and mass hysteria, which highlight the emotional and psychological dimensions of collective action.

By exploring these elements, individuals can gain insight into the complex nature of social movements and their impact on society, making it a significant area of study for those interested in social change and collective behavior.