Global stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals and groups across different nations, reflecting disparities in wealth, resources, and social status. This concept emphasizes the systemic inequality that exists on a global scale, encompassing both absolute and relative poverty, and highlighting differences in living conditions and economic opportunities. Various theories, such as dependency theory and modernization theory, seek to explain the factors contributing to these inequalities, while the World Systems Theory provides a framework for understanding the interconnectedness of nations within this stratified system.

Central to discussions of global stratification are themes such as economic polarization, educational stratification, and the impact of globalization on labor and human development. The United Nations Human Development Index is often utilized to measure and compare the well-being of different countries, providing insight into the implications of stratification on health and quality of life. Additionally, concepts like neocolonialism and neoliberalism explore how historical and contemporary policies influence current global disparities. Understanding global stratification is crucial for recognizing the complexities of international relations and the ongoing challenges faced by marginalized communities worldwide.